PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of the Baltic				Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of North America					Ordovician of Australia
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni			Ordovician 5	Cincinnatian	Gamachian				Bolindian	443.8
		Katian		Pirgu					Gamachian					445.2
									Richmondian					446 *
													Eastonian	449 *
				Vormsi										449.6 *
				Vormsi					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian				449.8 *
				Nabala	Johvi †				Maysvillian					450 *
				Nabala					Edenian					450.4 *
			Viru	Rakvere					Edenian					450.6 *
				Rakvere				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian					451.1 *
				Oandu									Gisbornian	452 *
		Sandbian		Keila	Idavere †		Ordovician 4							453
				Keila					Turinian					453.7 *
				Haljala										453.9
				Kukruse										456.4 *
				Kukruse				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor			457 *
				Uhaku	Aluoja †									457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku			Ordovician 3						Darriwilian	458.4
				Lasnamagi										458.9 *
				Aseri										460.4 *
			Oeland	Kunda										462.9 *
				Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum									464.3 *
				Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka								467.1 *
		Dapingian					Ordovician 2						Yapeenian	467.3
													Castlemainian	468.5 *
									Rangerian					469.1 *
				Billingen					Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	Chewtonian	470
					Latorp †								Chewtonian	470.1 *
													Bendigonian	471.8 *
													Lancefieldian	473.5 *
				Hunneberg										473.7 *
									Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian					Ordovician 1		Tulean					477.7
									Stairsian					480.3 *
				Varangu					Stairsian					481.3 *
				Varangu					Skullrockian/Demingian					482 *
				Pakerort										482.2 *
				Pakerort									Warendian	482.8 *
														485.4 *
														486.3
														486.5
														487.5