PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of China		Devonian of France	Cambrian of Siberia		Cretaceous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Nihewanian							0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Yushean							2.58
		Zanclean	Yushean							3.6
		Zanclean	Baodean							4.9
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Tortonian	Tunggurian							11.1
		Serravallian	Tunggurian							11.63
		Langhian	Shanwangian							13.82
		Burdigalian	Shanwangian							15.98
		Burdigalian	Xiejiaan							16.9
		Aquitanian	Xiejiaan							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
		Bartonian								37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian	66
		Campanian								72.1
		Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic	100.5
		Aptian								113
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian							Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
		Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian								168.2
		Aalenian								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
		Pliensbachian								184.2
		Sinemurian								192.9
		Hettangian								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian								208.5
		Carnian								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian		443.8
		Katian	Bolindian		445.2
			Eastonian		449 *
			Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian		470
			Bendigonian		471.8 *
			Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		477.7
			Warendian		482.8 *
			Warendian		Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian			489.5
						Aksaian			490.7 *
						Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian	Paibian						494
								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
					Waergangian †/Youshuanian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian	Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Drumian			Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Wuliuan/Taijangian			Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Duyunian			Amgan/Solvan			509
						Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian			Botomian			514
		Stage 3	Nangaoian			Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian			Tommotian			521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian					Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian				Manykaian †		530.7
										538.8