International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Carboniferous of Western Europe | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 297.7 | ||||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | Mapingian † | Kuzel | 298.9 | ||||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||||
| 305.9 | ||||||||||||
| Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | ||||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | |||||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||||
| Visean | Carboniferous 2 | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||||
| Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||||
| 358.9 | ||||||||||||