International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carboniferous Subepochs | Carboniferous of Western Europe | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
297.7 | ||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Late Pennsylvanian | Kuzel | 298.9 | |||||||
Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||||
Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||||
Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||||
Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | ||||||||||
Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||||
Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||||
Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||||
Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||||
Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||||
Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||||
Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||||
Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | |||||||||
Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||||
Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||||
Visean | Middle Mississippian | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||||
Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||||
Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||||
Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||||
Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||||
358.9 |