International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127225 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carboniferous of Western Europe | Carboniferous Subepochs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 297.7 | |||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Kuzel | Late Pennsylvanian | 298.9 | ||||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | |||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | ||||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | ||||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | ||||||||||
| Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | |||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | |||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | ||||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | ||||||||||
| Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | ||||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | |||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | ||||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | ||||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | ||||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | ||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | ||||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | ||||||||||
| Visean | Warnantian | Brigantian † | Middle Mississippian | 330.9 | |||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | |||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Ivorian | Early Mississippian | 346.7 | ||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | ||||||||||
| 358.9 | |||||||||||