International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carboniferous of North America | Carboniferous Subepochs | Carboniferous of Western Europe | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 297.7 | ||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Virgilian | Late Pennsylvanian | Kuzel | 298.9 | ||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||
| Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | ||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||
| Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | |||||||||
| Moscovian | Middle Pennsylvanian | 307 | ||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||
| Atokan | 312.7 * | |||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | Early Pennsylvanian | 315.2 | ||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||
| Morrowan | 318.4 * | |||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Chesterian | Late Mississippian | 323.2 | ||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||
| Visean | Middle Mississippian | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||
| Meramecian | 335.8 * | |||||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||
| Osagean | 343.1 * | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Early Mississippian | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||
| Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | |||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||
| 358.9 | ||||||||||