International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127249 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform | Carboniferous of Western Europe | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 287.6 | ||||||||||
| 297.7 | ||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Rusavkinian | Kuzel | 298.9 * | |||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||
| Kasimovian | Dorogomilovian | 303.7 | ||||||||
| Khamovnikian | 304.8 | |||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||
| Krevyakinian | 305.8 * | |||||||||
| Moscovian | Myachkovian | 307 | ||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||
| Podolskian | 308.9 * | |||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||
| Kashirian | 311.4 * | |||||||||
| Vereian | 313.8 | |||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||
| Melekessian | 314.8 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Cheremshanian | 316.9 * | |||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||
| Prikamian | 318.6 * | |||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||
| Severokeltmian | 319.9 * | |||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||
| Krasnopolyanian | 321.2 * | |||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||
| Voznesenian | 321.9 * | |||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Zapaltjubian | 323.2 | |||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||
| Protvian | 324.4 * | |||||||||
| Steshevian | 326.8 * | |||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||
| Tarusian | 329 * | |||||||||
| Visean | Venevian | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||
| Mikhailovian | 331.9 * | |||||||||
| Aleksinian | 333.7 * | |||||||||
| Tulian | 335.8 * | |||||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||
| Bobrikian | 339.9 * | |||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||
| Radaevkian | 343.4 * | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Kosvian | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||
| Kizelian | 350.7 * | |||||||||
| Cherepetian | 351.9 * | |||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||
| Karakubian | 354.4 * | |||||||||
| Upinian | 356.3 * | |||||||||
| Malevkian | 357.6 * | |||||||||
| Gumerovian | 358 * | |||||||||
| 358.9 | ||||||||||