PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Mesozoic Subages			Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian					7.246
		Serravallian	Sarmatian					11.63
		Serravallian	Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						33.9
		Bartonian						37.71
		Lutetian						41.2
		Ypresian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Late Albian				100.5
				Middle Albian				106.2 *
				Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian		Late Aptian				113
		Aptian		Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian				139.8
				Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
				Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian				174.7
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
		Asselian	Kuzel			297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Kuzel			298.9
			Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
			Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian			Brigantian †	330.9
			Livian			Asbian †	336.3 *
			Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian				346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
								419.2