International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127249 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform | Carboniferous of Western Europe | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
287.6 | ||||||||||||
297.7 | ||||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Rusavkinian | Kuzel | 298.9 * | |||||||
Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||||
Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||||
Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||||
Kasimovian | Dorogomilovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
Khamovnikian | 304.8 | |||||||||||
Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||||
Krevyakinian | 305.8 * | |||||||||||
Moscovian | Myachkovian | 307 | ||||||||||
Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||||
Podolskian | 308.9 * | |||||||||||
Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||||
Kashirian | 311.4 * | |||||||||||
Vereian | 313.8 | |||||||||||
Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||||
Melekessian | 314.8 | |||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
Cheremshanian | 316.9 * | |||||||||||
Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||||
Prikamian | 318.6 * | |||||||||||
Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||||
Severokeltmian | 319.9 * | |||||||||||
Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||||
Krasnopolyanian | 321.2 * | |||||||||||
Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||||
Voznesenian | 321.9 * | |||||||||||
Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||||
Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Zapaltjubian | 323.2 | |||||||||
Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||||
Protvian | 324.4 * | |||||||||||
Steshevian | 326.8 * | |||||||||||
Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||||
Tarusian | 329 * | |||||||||||
Visean | Venevian | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||||
Mikhailovian | 331.9 * | |||||||||||
Aleksinian | 333.7 * | |||||||||||
Tulian | 335.8 * | |||||||||||
Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||||
Bobrikian | 339.9 * | |||||||||||
Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||||
Radaevkian | 343.4 * | |||||||||||
Tournaisian | Kosvian | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||||
Kizelian | 350.7 * | |||||||||||
Cherepetian | 351.9 * | |||||||||||
Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||||
Karakubian | 354.4 * | |||||||||||
Upinian | 356.3 * | |||||||||||
Malevkian | 357.6 * | |||||||||||
Gumerovian | 358 * | |||||||||||
358.9 |