International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Carboniferous of Western Europe | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 297.7 | |||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Mapingian † | Kuzel | 298.9 | ||||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | |||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | ||||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | ||||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | ||||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | ||||||||||
| 305.9 | |||||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | ||||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | |||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | ||||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | ||||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | ||||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | |||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | ||||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | ||||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | ||||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | ||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | |||||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | ||||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | ||||||||||
| Visean | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | |||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | ||||||||||
| 358.9 | |||||||||||