International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China | Carboniferous of Western Europe | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 297.7 | ||||||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | Mapingian † | Kuzel | 298.9 | ||||||
| Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||||
| Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||||
| Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
| Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||||
| 305.9 | ||||||||||||
| Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | ||||||||||
| Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||||
| Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||||
| Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||||
| Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||||
| Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||||
| Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||||
| Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||||
| Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||||
| Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | |||||||||
| Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||||
| Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||||
| Visean | Carboniferous 2 | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | ||||||||
| Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||||
| Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||||
| Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | Ivorian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||||
| 358.9 | ||||||||||||