International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 127555 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Cenozoic Subepochs | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | Late Eocene | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | |||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||
66 |