PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127967 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan			Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian				0.0042
		Greenlandian				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene		Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene		Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian			Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			2.58
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian				7.246
		Tortonian			Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	Cenozoic 5	Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian			Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian				13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene			15.98
					Hemingfordian	16.3
					Arikareean	18.5
		Aquitanian				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4		23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene			27.82
					Whitneyan	29.5
					Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene		Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene		Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian			Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2	Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian			Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Bridgerian	47.8
					Wasatchian	50.5
					Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene		Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene		Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene		Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene		Puercan	63.8
						66