PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127294 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene			Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene			Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian		MN 17			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	MN 16	Tertiary †		2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene	MN 15			3.6
				MN 14			4.2
				MN 14		Hemphillian	4.7
				MN 13			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian		MN 12			7.246
				MN 11			7.75
				MN 10			8.7
				MN 10		Clarendonian	9.4
				MN 9			9.7
				MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene				11.63
						Barstovian	12.5
				MN 6			12.8 *
		Langhian		MN 5			13.82
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene	MN 4			15.98
				MN 4		Hemingfordian	16.3
				MN 3		Hemingfordian	16.9
				MN 3		Arikareean	18.5
				MN 2			20
		Aquitanian		MN 2			20.44
		Aquitanian		MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene				23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene				27.82
						Whitneyan	29.5
						Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene			Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene			Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene			Bridgerian	47.8
						Wasatchian	50.5
						Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene			Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene			Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene			Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene			Puercan	63.8
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