International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Arikareean | 23.03 | |||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||