PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127252 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages
					18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4	Arikareean	23.03
		Rupelian		Arikareean	27.82
				Whitneyan	29.5
				Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian		Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian		Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2	Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian		Bridgerian	47.8
				Wasatchian	50.5
				Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian		Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian		Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian		Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian		Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian		Puercan	63.8
					66