PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
					18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Arikareean	23.03
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene	Arikareean	27.82
				Whitneyan	29.5
				Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian		Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian		Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian		Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene	Bridgerian	47.8
				Wasatchian	50.5
				Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Puercan	63.8
					66