International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 127426 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Cenozoic Subepochs | Mammal Paleogene Zones | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | ||||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | Late Oligocene | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | Arikareean | 23.03 | |||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | Early Oligocene | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Late Eocene | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | Middle Eocene | MP 16 | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
| Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | Early Eocene | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | Late Paleocene | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | ||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
| 66 | ||||||||||||