International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
- J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | South American Land Mammal Ages | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | |||||||||
| 20.9 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Deseadan | Arikareean | 23.03 * | ||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||
| Tinguirirican | 28.9 * | ||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||
| Divisaderan | 35.9 * | ||||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||
| Mustersan | 41.9 * | ||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||
| Casamayoran | 47.9 * | ||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Riochican | 56 | ||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||
| Itaboraian | 56.9 * | ||||||||
| Peligran | 58.9 * | ||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||
| Tiupampan | 62.4 * | ||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||