International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | North American Land Mammal Ages | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||
| Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||
| Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||
| Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
| Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||
| Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||
| Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||
| Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||
| Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||
| 66 | |||||||