PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			North American Land Mammal Ages
										18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		Arikareean	23.03
							Monroecreekian			23.1 *
							Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan			Geringian			27.82
									Whitneyan	29.5
									Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian	Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan			Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian				Late Uintan/Early Uintan			Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene		Bumbanian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Bridgerian	47.8
						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			Wasatchian	50.5
								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Gashatan				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Gashatan				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene					Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene					To3/To2/To1	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene					To3/To2/To1	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene					Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Puercan	63.8
										66