International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 127252 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleCretaceous-Cenozoic of New ZealandPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaNorth American Land Mammal Ages
18.5
21.7
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianLandonWaitakianTabenbulakianHsandagolianArikareean23.03
Duntroonian25.2
Whaingaroan27.3
RupelianKekeamuan27.82
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianHouldjinian/Ergilian/UlangochuianChadronian33.9
ArnoldRunangan34.6
Kaiatan36.7
Duchesnean37
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan37.71
Bortonian39.1
Uintan39.7
Lutetian41.2
DannevirkePorangan42.6
Heretaungan45.7
Bridgerian46.2
YpresianBumbanian47.8
Mangaorapan48.9
Wasatchian50.5
Waipawan52
Clarkforkian54.9
PaleoceneThanetianTeurianGashatan56
Tiffanian56.2
Selandian59.2
Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.6
Puercan63.8
66