PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127412 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan				Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene	Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian				Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian	Late Pliocene		2.58
		Piacenzian		Ruscinian	Late Pliocene		3.1 *
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene		3.6
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene	Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Turolian	Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian	Pannonian	Turolian			7.246
				Vallesian			8.7
				Vallesian		Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian	Sarmatian	Astaracian	Middle Miocene	Clarendonian	11.63
			Sarmatian			Barstovian	12.5
			Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian		Orleanian	Early Miocene		15.98
						Hemingfordian	16.3
						Arikareean	18.5
				Agenian			20
		Aquitanian		Agenian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene		23.03
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene		27.82
						Whitneyan	29.5
						Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene	Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian			Late Eocene	Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene	Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian				Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian				Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian				Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene	Bridgerian	47.8
						Wasatchian	50.5
						Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian			Late Paleocene	Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian			Early Paleocene	Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian			Early Paleocene	Puercan	63.8
							66