PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian						0.129
		Calabrian						0.774
		Gelasian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						5.333
		Tortonian						7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian						13.82
		Burdigalian						15.98
		Aquitanian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian		Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian					259.51
		Wordian	Midian					264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian		Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian		Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian					Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3	Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan			Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Delamaran	Branchian	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4			Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3		Cambrian 2	Dyeran			514
					Montezuman			514.8 *
					Montezuman	Placentian		517.1
					Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1				529
								538.8