PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127258 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of England		Silurian of the Baltic	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian				Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites					168.2
		Bajocian					Humphresianum				168.4
		Aalenian				Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense				174.7
						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons					180.1
						Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum					182
		Pliensbachian				Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni					184.2
		Sinemurian				Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi					192.9
		Hettangian				Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare			419.2
				Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare			421.3
				Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian		Buildwas				426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian		Buildwas	Rootsikula			427.4
			Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula			428.4 *
					Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani			433.4
					Adavere			434 *
								436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
			Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
					Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					489.5
							Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian	492.2 *
								Steptoean		493 *
		Paibian						Steptoean		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian	Topazan		504.5
							Topazan		505.3
							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †	509
						Toyonian			510 *
						Toyonian	Dyeran		511 *
						Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3							514
							Montezuman		514.8 *
						Atdabanian	Montezuman		515.6 *
						Atdabanian	Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
											538.8