International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | Mesozoic Subages | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | ||||||
| Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | ||||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | ||||||||||
| Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||
| 157.9 * | |||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||
| Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | ||||||||||
| Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||
| 180.1 | |||||||||||
| Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | ||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||
| Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | ||||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||
| Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||
| 201.4 | |||||||||||