PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs
								18.5
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Arikareean	Cenozoic 4	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	23.03
		Rupelian	Arikareean		Kekeamuan		Early Oligocene	27.82
			Whitneyan					29.5
			Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian	Cenozoic 3	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Duchesnean		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian	Duchesnean		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian	Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian	Uintan	Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Lutetian	Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian	Bridgerian			Bumbanian	Early Eocene	47.8
			Wasatchian					50.5
			Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian	Cenozoic 1	Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian		Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian				Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Puercan				Early Paleocene	63.8
								66