International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
  • W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
  • F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
  • F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
  • J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleTen Million Year BinsPaleogene Mammal Ages of AsiaCenozoic Subepochs
PaleogeneOligoceneChattianCenozoic 4TabenbulakianHsandagolianLate Oligocene23.03
RupelianKekeamuanEarly Oligocene27.82
EocenePriabonianCenozoic 3Houldjinian/Ergilian/UlangochuianLate Eocene33.9
BartonianSharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/ArshantanMiddle Eocene37.71
LutetianCenozoic 241.2
YpresianBumbanianEarly Eocene47.8
PaleoceneThanetianCenozoic 1GashatanLate Paleocene56
SelandianMiddle Paleocene59.2
DanianEarly Paleocene61.6
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