International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Ten Million Year Bins | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | ||||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Arikareean | Cenozoic 4 | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
| Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Cenozoic 3 | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||
| Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
| Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
| Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Gashatan | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||
| Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
| 66 | ||||||||||||