PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126701 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			South American Land Mammal Ages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs
							2.58
							20.9
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Deseadan	Tertiary †	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene	23.03 *
		Rupelian	Deseadan			Early Oligocene	27.82
		Rupelian	Tinguirirican			Early Oligocene	28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian	Tinguirirican		Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian	Divisaderan			Late Eocene	35.9 *
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Lutetian	Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian	Mustersan			Early Eocene	47.8
		Ypresian	Casamayoran			Early Eocene	47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Riochican		Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	56
			Itaboraian				56.9 *
			Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Tiupampan			Early Paleocene	62.4 *
							66