International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | ||||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 23.03 | ||||||
| Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||
| Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | ||||||||||
| 29.5 | ||||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||||
| 37 | ||||||||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | ||||||||||
| Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||
| Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | ||||||||||
| Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||||
| Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||||
| Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||||
| 66 | ||||||||||||