International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126662 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Ten Million Year Bins | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.5 | |||||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Cenozoic 4 | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||
| Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||||
| Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Cenozoic 3 | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||||
| 37 | |||||||||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||||
| Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||||
| Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | |||||||||||
| Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | ||||||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||||
| Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | ||||||||||||
| Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||||
| Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | ||||||||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||||
| To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | ||||||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||||
| Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | ||||||||||||
| 66 | |||||||||||||