International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Mesozoic Subages | Permian of the Salt Range | Silurian of England | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | ||||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||||
| MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | ||||||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | ||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||
| Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||
| Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||
| Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||
| Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||
| Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | |||||||
| Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||||
| Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||||
| Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | ||||||||
| Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||||
| Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||
| Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||
| Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||
| Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||
| Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||||
| Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | |||||
| Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | |||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||
| Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||
| 157.9 * | ||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||
| Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||
| Bajocian | Late Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||
| Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | |||||||||
| Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | 170.9 | ||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||
| Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | |||||||||
| Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | 184.2 | ||||||||
| Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | 192.9 | ||||||||
| Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | ||||||||
| Alaunian | 213.2 * | |||||||||
| Lacian | 216.7 * | |||||||||
| Carnian | Tuvalian | 227 | ||||||||
| Julian | 233.4 * | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | 237 | |||||||
| Fassanian | 239.7 * | |||||||||
| Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | ||||||||
| Pelsonian | 243.8 * | |||||||||
| Bithynian | 244.7 * | |||||||||
| Aegean | 245.5 * | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | 247.2 | |||||||
| Smithian | 248.9 * | |||||||||
| Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | ||||||||
| Griesbachian | 251.4 * | |||||||||
| Kathwai | 251.5 * | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | 251.902 | |||||||
| 252.4 * | ||||||||||
| Chhidru | 252.9 * | |||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | 254.14 | |||||||||
| Kalabagh | 255 * | |||||||||
| Wargal | 256 * | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | 259.51 | ||||||||
| Wordian | 264.28 | |||||||||
| 265.3 * | ||||||||||
| Amb | 266.1 * | |||||||||
| Roadian | 266.9 | |||||||||
| 270.7 * | ||||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | 273.01 | ||||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | 293.52 | |||||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | 298.9 | |||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
| Visean | 330.9 | |||||||||
| Tournaisian | 346.7 | |||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | 358.9 | |||||||
| Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||||
| Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||||
| Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||||
| Lochkovian | 410.8 | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle | Whitcliffe/Leintwardine | 419.2 | ||||||
| Bringewood/Elton | 421.3 | |||||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | Coalbrookdale | Wenlock (England)/Tickwood | 423 | ||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
| Buildwas | 426.4 * | |||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
| Wych | Woolhope | 428.4 * | ||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | 433.4 | ||||||||
| 436.3 * | ||||||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
| Cowleigh Park | 439.3 * | |||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | 443.8 | |||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
| Sandbian | 453 | |||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | 458.4 | ||||||||
| Dapingian | 467.3 | |||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
| Tremadocian | 477.7 | |||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | 485.4 | |||||||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | |||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | 497 | ||||||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||
| Wuliuan | 504.5 | |||||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||
| Stage 3 | 514 | |||||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | ||||||||
| Fortunian | 529 | |||||||||
| 538.8 | ||||||||||