International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Mesozoic Subages | Ammonite Chrons of North America | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | ||||||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | |||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | ||||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | |||||||||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | |||||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | |||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
157.9 * | |||||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||||
Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | Epizigzagiceras | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||||
Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense | Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | ||||||||||||||
Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||||
Planulata | 179.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Arnioceras arnouldi | 179.8 * | ||||||||||||||
180.1 | |||||||||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Kanense | 181.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||||||
Carlottense | 182.3 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Kunae | 183.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||||||
Freboldi | 185.1 * | ||||||||||||||
Whiteavesi/Imlayi | Tetraspidoceras | 186.2 * | |||||||||||||
189.2 * | |||||||||||||||
Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras | Canadensis | 190.3 * | |||||||||||||
Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||||||
Pseudaetomoceras | Psiloceras | 196.4 * | |||||||||||||
Franziceras/Euphyllites | 196.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | |||||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | ||||||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Carnian | Tuvalian | 227 | |||||||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | ||||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | 237 | ||||||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | |||||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | ||||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | 247.2 | ||||||||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | ||||||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | |||||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | ||||||||||||||
251.902 |