International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126167 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Mesozoic Subages | North American Land Mammal Ages | Central Paratethys Stages | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | |||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | |||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | 33.9 | |||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
Santonian | Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
Coniacian | Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Late Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
Middle Albian | 106.2 * | |||||||||||
Early Albian | 109.9 * | |||||||||||
Aptian | Late Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
Early Aptian | 119.5 * | |||||||||||
Barremian | Late Barremian/Early Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
Hauterivian | Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
Berriasian | Late Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Berriasian | 140.6 * | |||||||||||
Early Berriasian | 142.7 * | |||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Late Tithonian | Middle Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
Early Tithonian | 146.3 * | |||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Late Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
Early Kimmeridgian | 152.2 * | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | Late Oxfordian | Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
157.9 * | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
Bajocian | Late Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||||
Early Bajocian | 168.6 * | |||||||||||
Aalenian | Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Late Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||
180.1 | ||||||||||||
Middle Toarcian | 180.4 * | |||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||||
Early Toarcian | 182.9 * | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||
Norian | Sevatian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Alaunian | 213.2 * | |||||||||||
Lacian | 216.7 * | |||||||||||
Carnian | Tuvalian | 227 | ||||||||||
Julian | 233.4 * | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Longobardian | 237 | |||||||||
Fassanian | 239.7 * | |||||||||||
Anisian | Illyrian | 242 | ||||||||||
Pelsonian | 243.8 * | |||||||||||
Bithynian | 244.7 * | |||||||||||
Aegean | 245.5 * | |||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Spathian | 247.2 | |||||||||
Smithian | 248.9 * | |||||||||||
Induan | Dienerian | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Griesbachian | 251.4 * | |||||||||||
251.902 |