International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126368 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | European Faunal Units | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||
Agenian | 20 | |||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | ||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | |||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | ||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | MP 16 | 37.71 | |||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | |||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | |||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | ||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||
180.1 | ||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
251.902 |