International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126161 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | ||||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||||
Irvingtonian | Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||
Blancan | Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
Hemphillian | Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||||
Clarendonian | Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||||
Barstovian | late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||||
Hemingfordian | Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Arikareean | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | 23.03 | ||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||||
Rupelian | Kekeamuan | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | 33.9 | ||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||||
Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Uintan | Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Bridgerian | Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | Bumbanian | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Wasatchian | Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Clarkforkian | Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | 56 | ||||||||||
Tiffanian | Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
Torrejonian | To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Puercan | Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||||
180.1 | |||||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||||
251.902 |