International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | European Faunal Zones | Permian of the Salt Range | Cenozoic Subepochs | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||||
Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | |||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | ||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||||||
MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | ||||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||
MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | ||||||||||
MN 2 | 20 | ||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||
180.1 | |||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
Kathwai | 251.5 * | ||||||||||
251.902 * | |||||||||||
252.4 |