International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126161 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian of the Salt Range | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | European Faunal Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||||
Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | |||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||||
Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | |||||||||||||
Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | ||||||||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||||||
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | ||||||||||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||||||
MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||||||||
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||||||||
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||||
MN 6 | 12.8 * | |||||||||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | ||||||||||||
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||||||
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||||||
MN 2 | 20 | |||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | |||||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||||||
29.5 | ||||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | 33.9 | |||||||||||
37 | ||||||||||||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | ||||||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | ||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||||||
180.1 | ||||||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||||
Kathwai | 251.5 * | |||||||||||||
251.902 * | ||||||||||||||
252.4 |