International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126699 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | ||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||
| Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | ||||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||
| Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | ||||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
| Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||||||
| Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||
| Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | 33.9 | ||||||||
| 37 | |||||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||||||
| Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | ||||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||||||
| Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | ||||||||||
| Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||||||
| Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | ||||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | ||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | ||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||
| Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||
| 180.1 | |||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||
| 251.902 | |||||||||||