International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126163 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs | European Faunal Units | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||||
| Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
| Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | Astaracian | 11.63 | |||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||
| Agenian | 20 | |||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | ||||||
| Rupelian | Early Oligocene | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Eocene | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | ||||||||
| Bartonian | Middle Eocene | MP 16 | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Ypresian | Early Eocene | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | |||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||||
| Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||||
| 180.1 | ||||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||||
| Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||
| 251.902 | ||||||||||||