International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Cenozoic Subepochs | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | |||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||
| Chibanian | Ionian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | |||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | ||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | ||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Tabenbulakian | Hsandagolian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||
| Rupelian | Kekeamuan | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||
| Bartonian | Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||
| Lutetian | 41.2 | |||||||||
| Ypresian | Bumbanian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Gashatan | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||
| Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||
| Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||
| Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||
| Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||
| Aptian | 113 | |||||||||
| Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||
| Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | ||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||
| 180.1 | ||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||
| Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | 227 | |||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| 251.902 | ||||||||||