International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126162 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Permian of the Salt Range | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | |||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | |||||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | |||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | ||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | ||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | ||||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | ||||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | ||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | |||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | |||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | |||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | ||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | |||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | |||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | |||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | |||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | |||||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | ||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||||
180.1 | ||||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | ||||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | ||||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | |||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | ||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | ||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||
Kathwai | 251.5 * | |||||||||||
251.902 * | ||||||||||||
252.4 |