International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126167 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | European Faunal Zones | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | ||||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||||||
Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | ||||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||||
Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||
Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | |||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | |||||||||||
MN 15 | 3.2 | ||||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
MN 14 | 4.2 | ||||||||||||||
Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||||||
MN 13 | 4.9 | ||||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||||||||||
Tortonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||||||||||
MN 11 | 7.75 | ||||||||||||||
MN 10 | 8.7 | ||||||||||||||
Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||||||
MN 9 | 9.7 | ||||||||||||||
MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | ||||||||||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||||||||||
late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||||||
MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||||||||||
Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | |||||||||||||
Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | |||||||||||||
Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||||||
MN 3 | 16.9 | ||||||||||||||
late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | |||||||||||||
MN 2 | 20 | ||||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||||
MN 1 | 22.4 | ||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | ||||||||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | ||||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | ||||||||||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | |||||||||||||
29.5 | |||||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | |||||||||||
37 | |||||||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | |||||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | |||||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | ||||||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | |||||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | ||||||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | |||||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | ||||||||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | ||||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | ||||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | 66 | ||||||||||||
Campanian | 72.1 | ||||||||||||||
Santonian | 83.6 | ||||||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||||
Cenomanian | 93.9 | ||||||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | 100.5 | |||||||||||||
Aptian | 113 | ||||||||||||||
Barremian | 121.4 | ||||||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||||
Valanginian | 132.6 | ||||||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | 145 | ||||||||||||
Kimmeridgian | 149.2 | ||||||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||||
Bathonian | 165.3 | ||||||||||||||
Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | |||||||||||||
Humphresianum | 168.4 | ||||||||||||||
Aalenian | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | |||||||||||
180.1 | |||||||||||||||
Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | ||||||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||||||
Sinemurian | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||||||
Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | |||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | 201.4 | ||||||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||||
Carnian | 227 | ||||||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | 237 | |||||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | 247.2 | |||||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||||||
251.902 |