International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126158 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Central Paratethys Stages | Ten Million Year Bins | European Faunal Zones | Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | 0.0117 | |||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||||
| Cudahyan/Sappan | 0.21 | |||||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||||
| Senecan/Rexroadian | 1.4 | |||||||||||
| Gelasian | MN 17 | 1.8 | ||||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | MN 16 | 2.58 | ||||||||
| MN 15 | 3.2 | |||||||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||||
| MN 14 | 4.2 | |||||||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
| MN 13 | 4.9 | |||||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
| Tortonian | Pannonian | MN 12 | 7.246 | |||||||||
| MN 11 | 7.75 | |||||||||||
| MN 10 | 8.7 | |||||||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
| MN 9 | 9.7 | |||||||||||
| MN 7 + 8 | 11.1 | |||||||||||
| Serravallian | Sarmatian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | |||||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
| Badenian | MN 6 | 12.8 * | ||||||||||
| Langhian | MN 5 | 13.82 | ||||||||||
| Burdigalian | MN 4 | 15.98 | ||||||||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
| MN 3 | 16.9 | |||||||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||||
| MN 2 | 20 | |||||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
| MN 1 | 22.4 | |||||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | ||||||||
| Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||
| Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||||
| 29.5 | ||||||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | ||||||||
| 37 | ||||||||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||||
| Late Uintan/Early Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
| Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
| Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||||
| Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | 50.5 | |||||||||||
| Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | 54.9 | |||||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | |||||||||
| Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | 56.2 | |||||||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||||
| To3/To2/To1 | 60.9 | |||||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||||
| Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | 63.8 | |||||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | ||||||||
| Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | ||||||||||
| Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | ||||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||||
| Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | ||||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | |||||||||
| Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | ||||||||||
| Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | ||||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||||
| Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | ||||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | ||||||||
| Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | ||||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||||
| Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | ||||||||||
| Bajocian | Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites | 168.2 | ||||||||||
| Humphresianum | 168.4 | |||||||||||
| Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum | 170.9 | |||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons | Thouarsense | 174.7 | ||||||||
| 180.1 | ||||||||||||
| Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum | 182 | |||||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni | 184.2 | |||||||||
| Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi | 192.9 | |||||||||
| Hettangian | Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis | 199.5 | ||||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||||
| Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | ||||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | |||||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | |||||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||||
| 251.902 | ||||||||||||