PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126689 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs		Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of France
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian							11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
		Bartonian							37.71
		Lutetian							41.2
		Ypresian							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian				Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian				Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian				Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian				Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian				Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Late Albian			100.5
						Middle Albian			106.2 *
						Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian				Late Aptian			113
		Aptian				Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian				Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian				Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian				Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian				Late Berriasian			139.8
						Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
						Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian				Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian				Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian				Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian				Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian					Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian				Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian				Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian				Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian				Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Late Toarcian			174.7
						Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
						Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian				Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian				Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian				Sevatian			208.5
						Alaunian			213.2 *
						Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian				Tuvalian			227
		Carnian				Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian	237
		Ladinian	Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian	242
			Pelsonian	243.8 *
			Bithynian	244.7 *
			Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian	251.2
			Griesbachian	251.4 *
			Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	251.902
					252.4 *
				Chhidru	252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	254.14
				Kalabagh	255 *
				Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
					265.3 *
				Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian		Amb	266.9
		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
									419.2