PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe
							297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	Mapingian †	Kuzel		298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Missourian			Stephanian A	303.7
			Missourian			Cantabrian	305 *
			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian					307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
			Atokan			Westphalian C	312.7 *
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
			Morrowan			Westphalian A	318.4 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian			Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
			Meramecian		Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Osagean		Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		Ivorian		346.7
			Kinderhookian		Ivorian		351.9 *
			Kinderhookian		Hastarian		353.7 *
							358.9