PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Senonian											66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Gallic											100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian	Neocomian											125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan					150
									Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian							Warepan					208.5
									Otamitan					217
									Oretian					221
		Carnian							Oretian					227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian							Etalian					238
		Anisian							Etalian					242
		Anisian							Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian					249
		Induan		251.2					Nelsonian
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju				Porkuni	443.8
		Katian					Pirgu	445.2
							Vormsi	449.6 *
							Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
			Viru				Rakvere		450.6 *
							Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
							Haljala		453.9
							Kukruse		456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
							Lasnamagi		458.9 *
							Aseri		460.4 *
			Oeland				Kunda		462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg			Ungurian	477.7
							Varangu				481.3 *
							Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort	Batyrbaian		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian		Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian		Topazan			504.5
										Topazan			505.3
				Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Waucoban †					509
								Toyonian		510 *
				Dyeran				Toyonian		511 *
								Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3								514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
				Montezuman				Atdabanian		515.6 *
				Begadean				Atdabanian		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian		521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
														538.8