International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 126700 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | 0 | ||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | ||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||
Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | |||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||
Serravallian | 11.63 | ||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||
Burdigalian | 15.98 | ||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | 23.03 | ||||
Rupelian | 27.82 | ||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | 33.9 | |||||
Bartonian | 37.71 | ||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||
Ypresian | 47.8 | ||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | 56 | |||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||
66 |