International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
This timescale is used in the definition of 126146 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Wanganui | Haweran | 0 | ||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Tarantian | 0.0117 | ||||||
Chibanian | Ionian | 0.129 | |||||||
Castlecliffian | 0.34 | ||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||
Nukumaruan | 1.63 | ||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||
Mangapanian | 2.4 | ||||||||
2.58 | |||||||||
3 | |||||||||
5.333 |